Electrochemical Characterization of Electrodeposited Copper in Amine CO2 Capture Media.

This study explores the stability of electrodeposited copper catalysts utilized in electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) across various amine media. The focus is on understanding the influence of different amine types, corrosion ramifications, and the efficacy of pulse ECR methodologies. Employing a suite of electrochemical techniques including potentiodynamic polarization, linear resistance polarization, cyclic voltammetry, and chronopotentiometry, the investigation reveals useful insights. The findings show that among the tested amines, CO2-rich monoethanolamine (MEA) exhibits the highest corrosion rate. However, in most cases, the rates remain within tolerable limits for ECR operations. Primary amines, notably monoethanolamine (MEA), show enhanced compatibility with ECR processes, attributable to their resistance against carbonate salt precipitation and sustained stability over extended durations. Conversely, tertiary amines such as methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) present challenges due to the formation of carbonate salts during ECR, impeding their effective utilization. This study highlights the effectiveness of pulse ECR strategies in stabilizing ECR. A noticeable shift in cathodic potential and reduced deposit formation on the catalyst surface through periodic oxidation underscores the efficacy of such strategies. These findings offer insights for optimizing ECR in amine media, thereby providing promising pathways for advancements in CO2 emission reduction technologies.

Influence of Electrolyte Choice on Zinc Electrodeposition.

Zinc electrodeposition serves as a crucial electrochemical process widely employed in various industries, particularly in automotive manufacturing, owing to its cost effectiveness compared to traditional methods. However, traditional zinc electrodeposition using aqueous solutions faces challenges related to toxicity and hydrogen gas generation. Non-aqueous electrolytes such as ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained attention, with choline-chloride-based DESs showing promise despite raising environmental concerns. In this study, zinc electrodeposition on mild steel was investigated using three distinct electrolytes: (i) halide-free aqueous solutions, (ii) chloride-based DES, and (iii) halide-free acetate-based organic solutions. The study examined the influence of deposition time on the growth of Zn on mild steel substrates from these electrolytes using physical characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that glycol + acetate-based non-aqueous organic solutions provide an eco-friendly alternative, exhibiting comparable efficiency, enhanced crystalline growth, and promising corrosion resistance. This research contributes valuable insights into the impact of electrolyte choice on zinc electrodeposition, offering a pathway towards more sustainable and efficient processes. Through a comprehensive comparison and analysis of these methods, it advances our understanding of the practical applications of zinc electrodeposition technology.

Progress in Novel Electrodeposited Bond Coats for Thermal Barrier Coating Systems.

The increased demand for high performance gas turbine engines has resulted in a continuous search for new base materials and coatings. With the significant developments in nickel-based superalloys, the quest for developments related to thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems is increasing rapidly and is considered a key area of research. Of key importance are the processing routes that can provide the required coating properties when applied on engine components with complex shapes, such as turbine vanes, blades, etc. Despite significant research and development in the coating systems, the scope of electrodeposition as a potential alternative to the conventional methods of producing bond coats has only been realised to a limited extent. Additionally, their effectiveness in prolonging the alloys' lifetime is not well understood. This review summarises the work on electrodeposition as a coating development method for application in high temperature alloys for gas turbine engines and discusses the progress in the coatings that combine electrodeposition and other processes to achieve desired bond coats. The overall aim of this review is to emphasise the role of electrodeposition as a potential cost-effective alternative to produce bond coats. Besides, the developments in the electrodeposition of aluminium from ionic liquids for potential applications in gas turbines and the nuclear sector, as well as cost considerations and future challenges, are reviewed with the crucial raw materials' current and future savings scenarios in mind.

Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents for CO2 Conversion Technologies-A Review.

Ionic liquids (ILs) have a wide range of potential uses in renewable energy, including CO2 capture and electrochemical conversion. With the goal of providing a critical overview of the progression, new challenges, and prospects of ILs for evolving green renewable energy processes, this review emphasizes the significance of ILs as electrolytes and reaction media in two primary areas of interest: CO2 electroreduction and organic molecule electrosynthesis via CO2 transformation. Herein, we briefly summarize the most recent advances in the field, as well as approaches based on the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to industrially important compounds employing ILs as an electrolyte and/or reaction media. In addition, the review also discusses the advances made possible by deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in CO2 electroreduction to CO. Finally, the critical techno-commercial issues connected with employing ILs and DESs as an electrolyte or ILs as reaction media are reviewed, along with a future perspective on the path to rapid industrialization.

Erosion and Corrosion Resistance Performance of Laser Metal Deposited High-Entropy Alloy Coatings at Hellisheidi Geothermal Site.

Geothermal process equipment and accessories are usually manufactured from low-alloy steels which offer affordability but increase the susceptibility of the materials to corrosion. Applying erosion-corrosion-resistant coatings to these components could represent an economical solution to the problem. In this work, testing of two newly developed laser metal deposited high-entropy alloy (LMD-HEA) coatings-CoCrFeNiMo0.85 and Al0.5CoCrFeNi, applied to carbon and stainless steels-was carried out at the Hellisheidi geothermal power plant. Tests in three different geothermal environments were performed at the Hellisheidi site: wellhead test at 194 °C and 14 bar, erosion test at 198 °C and 15 bar, and aerated test at 90 °C and 1 bar. Post-test microstructural characterization was performed via Scanning Eletron Microscope (SEM), Back-Scattered Electrons analysis (BSE), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), optical microscopy, and optical profilometry while erosion assessment was carried out using an image and chemical analysis. Both the CoCrFeNiMo0.85 and Al0.5CoCrFeNi coatings showed manufacturing defects (cracks) and were prone to corrosion damage. Results show that damage in the CoCrFeNiMo0.85-coated carbon steel can be induced by manufacturing defects in the coating. This was further confirmed by the excellent corrosion resistance performance of the CoCrFeNiMo0.85 coating deposited onto stainless steel, where no manufacturing cracks were observed.

Microstructure and Thermal Analysis of Metastable Intermetallic Phases in High-Entropy Alloy CoCrFeMo0.85Ni.

CoCrFeMoNi high entropy alloys (HEAs) exhibit several promising characteristics for potential applications of high temperature coating. In this study, metastable intermetallic phases and their thermal stability of high-entropy alloy CoCrFeMo0.85Ni were investigated via thermal and microstructural analyses. Solidus and liquidus temperatures of CoCrFeMo0.85Ni were determined by differential thermal analysis as 1323 °C and 1331 °C, respectively. Phase transitions also occur at 800 °C and 1212 °C during heating. Microstructure of alloy exhibits a single-phase face-centred cubic (FCC) matrix embedded with the mixture of (Co, Cr, Fe)-rich tetragonal phase and Mo-rich rhombohedron-like phase. The morphologies of two intermetallics show matrix-based tetragonal phases bordered by Mo-rich rhombohedral precipitates around their perimeter. The experimental results presented in our paper provide key information on the microstructure and thermal stability of our alloy, which will assist in the development of similar thermal spray HEA coatings.